{
  "compatibility_notes": "Mates pin-for-pin with any DFRobot Gravity-compatible analog input (Gravity IO Expansion Shield, Romeo, Bluno, etc.). Works with any 5 V analog-capable MCU including Arduino UNO/Nano/Mega and Teensy. For 3.3 V MCUs (ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico, Feather) use a resistor divider (e.g. 10 kΩ + 16.5 kΩ for 4.5 V -> 2.75 V) or a unity-gain rail-to-rail buffer fed from 3.3 V to clip cleanly. The G1/4 male port screws directly into Festo/SMC/legris G1/4 fittings; with the bundled adapter it also fits G1/2 domestic plumbing.",
  "previewArtifactId": "art_thumbnail",
  "application_examples": [
    "Closed-loop control of a domestic water booster pump using an ESP32 ADC and a PWM-controlled relay.",
    "FRC pneumatic-tank pressure telemetry (within the sensor's 0-16 bar range; the standard FRC 60 psi working pressure sits comfortably mid-scale at ~4 bar).",
    "Irrigation system leak detection - compare upstream and downstream sensors to flag pressure drops outside expected ranges.",
    "Aquarium / hydroponic reservoir level inference - column-height to bottom-pressure conversion (1 m water column ~= 0.0098 MPa)."
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "type": "sensor",
    "schema_version": "1.5.0",
    "thumbnail": "https://storage.googleapis.com/protoboard-delta.firebasestorage.app/protoparts/dfrobot-sen0257-pressure-sensor/thumbnail.png",
    "taxonomy": [
      "sensor.environmental"
    ],
    "id": "dfrobot-sen0257-pressure-sensor",
    "tags": [
      "pressure sensor",
      "water pressure",
      "liquid pressure",
      "analog output",
      "0-1.6 MPa",
      "0-232 psi",
      "gravity",
      "G1/4",
      "BSP",
      "5V",
      "IP68",
      "dfrobot"
    ],
    "manufacturer": "DFRobot",
    "version": "1.0",
    "part_number": "SEN0257",
    "name": "DFRobot Gravity Analog Water Pressure Sensor (SEN0257)",
    "description": "DFRobot Gravity SEN0257 is a 3-pin analog water/liquid pressure transducer. A G1/4\" (BSP parallel) male threaded port screws into a pressurized line; on a 5 VDC supply the sensor produces a linear ratiometric analog output of 0.5 V at 0 MPa rising to 4.5 V at full-scale 1.6 MPa (~232 psi, 16 bar). IP68 rated, -20 to +85 °C operating range, <2 ms response, ~2.8 mA quiescent draw. Connects to Arduino-style ADCs via the included 1 m three-wire Gravity cable (yellow = signal, red = VCC, black = GND) and ships with a G1/2-to-G1/4 thread adapter. Service life rated at 10 million pressurization cycles.",
    "datasheet_url": "https://wiki.dfrobot.com/sen0257"
  },
  "usage_notes": "Treat the SEN0257 as a single-ended 5 V analog sensor. Wire VCC to the host's 5 V rail, GND to host ground, and the yellow signal to an analog input. Convert ADC counts to MPa with: P(MPa) = (V_signal - 0.5) * (1.6 / 4.0). For Arduino UNO (10-bit, 5 V ref): P(MPa) = (counts/1023 * 5 - 0.5) * 0.4. The supplied G1/2-to-G1/4 adapter lets the sensor mate with the more common G1/2 plumbing fittings used in domestic water systems.",
  "design_rules": [
    "Do not exceed 2.0 MPa (~20 bar / 290 psi) continuous on the pressure port; >=3.0 MPa damages the diaphragm.",
    "Provide a stable, well-regulated 5 VDC supply - the output is ratiometric and tracks the supply rail; noise on VCC appears directly on the analog signal.",
    "Keep the 1 m analog lead away from motor/PWM cabling. For extension cables use shielded twisted pair and keep total run <3 m to limit voltage-divider error on the high-impedance ADC input.",
    "Use only non-corrosive liquids or gases. Salt water, acids, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated solvents will degrade the diaphragm seal.",
    "Sample the analog output at >=1 kHz to capture the <2 ms response if you need transient detection; for steady-state monitoring 10 Hz is sufficient."
  ],
  "warnings": [
    "Sensor will be destroyed by overpressure above ~3.0 MPa (~435 psi) - install upstream of any pressure-relief or proof-pressure-rated isolation valve.",
    "Output is ratiometric to VCC: a brown-out or unregulated supply will produce silently wrong readings. Always read VCC alongside the signal if absolute accuracy matters.",
    "Not intended for corrosive media (acids, bases, salt water, fuels, chlorinated solvents). Diaphragm and seal materials are not specified by DFRobot for such service.",
    "Reverse-polarity protection is not documented - mis-wiring VCC and GND can destroy the sensor. Verify the cable color-to-pin mapping on the IO Expansion Shield you use before powering up."
  ],
  "domains": [
    {
      "power_domains": [
        {
          "ground_reference": "common",
          "max_current_mA": 5,
          "description": "Single 5 VDC excitation rail for the transducer. Quiescent draw 2.8 mA per wiki; 5 mA budget leaves headroom for inrush.",
          "nominal_voltage_V": 5,
          "isolation_type": "non_isolated",
          "name": "Sensor Supply 5V",
          "id": "vsupply",
          "voltage_range_V": [
            4.75,
            5.25
          ]
        }
      ],
      "domain": "electrical",
      "interfaces": [
        {
          "description": "5 VDC excitation rail (single supply + common ground). Mates with any Gravity-compatible 3-pin breakout or directly with an Arduino 5V/GND header.",
          "constraints": {
            "max_connections": 1
          },
          "protocol": {
            "role": "input",
            "type": "power"
          },
          "name": "Power Input",
          "id": "sensor_power",
          "requires": [
            {
              "count": 1,
              "function": "power_input"
            },
            {
              "function": "ground",
              "count": 1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Single-ended ratiometric analog output, 0.5 - 4.5 V. Feed into an Arduino-style ADC. If using a 3.3 V MCU, scale or level-shift the signal before sampling.",
          "name": "Analog Pressure Output",
          "id": "analog_pressure_out",
          "constraints": {
            "max_connections": 1
          },
          "protocol": {
            "role": "transmitter",
            "type": "analog"
          },
          "requires": [
            {
              "function": "analog_output",
              "count": 1
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "resources": [
        {
          "name": "VCC",
          "id": "vcc_pin",
          "connector_type": "wire",
          "functions": [
            {
              "name": "power_input"
            }
          ],
          "power_domain_id": "vsupply",
          "description": "Red wire of the Gravity 3-pin lead - 5 VDC supply input. 22 AWG, 1 m flying lead terminated in a JST-PH-style female 3-pin shell."
        },
        {
          "description": "Black wire of the Gravity 3-pin lead - ground return shared between supply and analog signal.",
          "power_domain_id": "vsupply",
          "connector_type": "wire",
          "functions": [
            {
              "name": "ground"
            }
          ],
          "name": "GND",
          "id": "gnd_pin"
        },
        {
          "description": "Yellow wire of the Gravity 3-pin lead - ratiometric analog output. 0.5 V at 0 MPa, 4.5 V at 1.6 MPa, linear in between.",
          "connector_type": "wire",
          "functions": [
            {
              "name": "analog_output"
            }
          ],
          "name": "Signal",
          "id": "analog_out"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "interfaces": [
        {
          "name": "Pressure Sensing Port",
          "protocol": {
            "role": "sensing",
            "type": "liquid_supply"
          },
          "requires": [
            {
              "count": 1,
              "function": "pneumatic_connection"
            }
          ],
          "system_pressure_bar": 16,
          "description": "G1/4 BSP-parallel male sensing port. Mates with a G1/4 (or G1/2 via the included adapter) female receptacle in a pressurized liquid line. Use thread sealant or O-ring at the mating face.",
          "max_instances": 1,
          "id": "pressure_sensing_port",
          "constraints": {
            "requires_thread_standard": "BSP",
            "requires_connector_type": "threaded_port",
            "requires_port_size": "G1/4",
            "requires_female_thread": true,
            "min_pressure_rating_bar": 20
          },
          "fluid_type": "water",
          "exclusive": true
        }
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "system_pressure_bar": 16,
        "fluid_temperature_range_C": [
          -20,
          85
        ],
        "hydraulic_fluid_type": "water"
      },
      "domain": "hydraulic",
      "resources": [
        {
          "thread_standard": "BSP",
          "id": "pressure_port",
          "burst_pressure_bar": 30,
          "port_size": "G1/4",
          "name": "G1/4 Male Pressure Port",
          "max_pressure_bar": 20,
          "description": "G1/4-19 BSP parallel male thread (cylindrical metal body). Screws into any G1/4 female receptacle; ships with a G1/2-to-G1/4 adapter for use with larger ports. Pressure measurement range 0-16 bar (1.6 MPa, ~232 psi); rated 20 bar continuous max, ~30 bar damage threshold.",
          "seal_type": "metal_to_metal",
          "response_time_ms": 2,
          "fluid_temperature_C": [
            -20,
            85
          ],
          "connector_type": "threaded_port",
          "functions": [
            {
              "name": "pneumatic_connection"
            }
          ],
          "compatible_fluids": [
            "water",
            "non_corrosive_liquid",
            "non_corrosive_gas"
          ],
          "working_pressure_bar": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "resources": [],
      "metadata": {
        "requires_special_tools": false,
        "field_serviceable": false,
        "mounting_method": "threaded"
      },
      "domain": "mechanical",
      "interfaces": []
    },
    {
      "metadata": {
        "cooling_method": "passive",
        "requires_thermal_management": false,
        "thermal_monitoring_available": false,
        "thermal_design_power_W": 0.014
      },
      "domain": "thermal",
      "interfaces": [],
      "operating_temperature_C": [
        -20,
        85
      ],
      "resources": []
    }
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